Tardive dyskinesiais a neurological condition that results in abnormal movements (movement disorder), typically affecting the face, lips, jaw, or tongue that typically occurs after long-term use of antipsychotics (neuroleptics).
- Antipsychotics cause certain biochemical changesin a part of the brain called the striatum that may result in involuntary movements in certain parts of the body.
- These medications act by blocking the action of a brain chemical calleddopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter, which means it helps the nerve cells or neurons communicate with each other.
- Antipsychotics disrupt this neuronal communicationthat may lead to neurological symptoms such as abnormal movements (dyskinesia).
Some people may even developtardivedyskinesia with short-term use of these medications, whereas some may not develop it.
Elderly patients are more likely to develop tardive dyskinesia. Some people may be more susceptible due to their genetic tendencies to develop this condition. Female gender,alcoholconsumption, anddiabetesmay increase the risk of tardive dyskinesia following antipsychotic usage.
Which antipsychotics are most likely to cause tardive dyskinesia?
Older antipsychotics are more likely to cause tardive dyskinesia than newer ones. They are also called typical antipsychotics or first-generation antipsychotics and are used to treatschizophrenia.
Thesedrugsinclude:
- Haloperidol
- Chlorpromazine
- Loxapine
- Fluphenazine
- Perphenazine
- Pimozide
- Prochlorperazine
- Trifluoperazine
- 氨砜噻吨
Besides the treatment ofschizophrenia, first-generation antipsychotics are used for other conditions such asanxiety(trifluoperazine and prochlorperazine), Tourette’s syndrome (pimozide), and intractablehiccups, acute intermittentporphyria, andtetanus(chlorpromazine).
Do all antipsychotics cause tardive dyskinesia?
Yes, all antipsychotics can potentially cause tardive dyskinesia; however, the risk is lower with second-generation or atypical antipsychotics such as:
- Risperidone
- Ziprasidone
- 奥氮平
- Quetiapine
- Paliperidone
- Aripiprazole
- Lurasidone
Apart fromschizophreniatreatment, atypical antipsychotics may be prescribed for other conditions such asbipolar disorder(olanzapine),autism(risperidone, aripiprazole), Tourette’s syndrome (aripiprazole), anddepression(lurasidone).
SLIDESHOW
What's Schizophrenia? Symptoms, Types, Causes, TreatmentSee SlideshowWhat other medications may cause tardive dyskinesia?
Besides antipsychotics, other medications may cause tardive dyskinesia, such as:
- Antiemeticssuch asmetoclopramideand prochlorperazine
- Antidepressantssuch as:
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such asfluoxetine
- Tricyclic antidepressantssuch asamitriptyline,doxepin, andimipramine
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitorssuch as phenelzine
- Serotonin receptor antagonists and reuptake inhibitors such astrazodone
- Antianxiety medications such as阿普唑仑
- Antiseizure medications such asphenytoinand phenobarbital
- Antimalarials such aschloroquine
- Mood stabilizers such aslithium
- Anti-Parkinson medications such as levodopa
- Antihistaminessuch ashydroxyzine
- Stimulantssuch ascaffeine, amphetamine, andmethylphenidate
Does tardive dyskinesia go away?
Tardive dyskinesia may go away when detected and treated early. This may not happen in all cases, and some people continue to have the symptoms despite stopping the culprit medication.
In some people, symptoms may worsen with time. If symptoms of tardive dyskinesia do not go away despite stopping the medication responsible for causing it, the doctor may recommend medications to manage the symptoms. Moreover, this may be necessary in cases where stopping the medication is too risky for the affected person.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved two medications such as Ingrezza (valbenazine) and Austedo (deutetrabenazine) in 2017 for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia in adults. Other medications, typicallybenzodiazepines, may be given to manage the symptoms.
In resistant or severe cases, other therapeutic options such asBotoxinjections in the affected site ordeep brain stimulationmay be considered.
https://www.drugs.com/medical-answers/drugs-tardive-dyskinesia-3564907/
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000685.htm
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0301/p617.html
Top Why Do Antipsychotics Cause Tardive Dyskinesia Related Articles
What Are the Best Treatments for Schizophrenia? Can It Be Treated Naturally?
Learn what medical treatments and natural treatments can ease your schizophrenia symptoms and help you manage this mental health condition.
Can Schizophrenia Be Caused by Alcohol?
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects a person's ability to think, feel, and behave in line with reality. Drinking alcohol does not cause schizophrenia, but alcohol use disorder (AUD) is the most common disorder that occurs with schizophrenia.What Is the Difference Between Psychosis and Schizophrenia?
Learn the difference between psychosis and schizophrenia. Read more about these two conditions and how they can affect your mental and physical health.
How Grief Can Affect Your Health
Grief is a natural part of life, but it can cause some health issues, at least for a while. Find out how grief can affect your body and what you can do about it.
Is Tardive Dyskinesia Brain Damage?
Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder caused by certain kinds of medication, including some antipsychotics and antidepressants. Tardive dyskinesia is brain damage in the sense that it’s likely caused by permanent alterations to your brain's biochemistry.
Mental Health
Mental health is an optimal way of thinking, relating to others, and feeling. All of the diagnosable mental disorders fall under the umbrella of mental illness. Depression, anxiety, and substance-abuse disorders are common types of mental illness. Symptoms and signs of mental illness include irritability, moodiness, insomnia, headaches, and sadness. Treatment may involve psychotherapy and medication.
Mental Health: Signs You're Mentally Exhausted
Are you irritable, tired, and finding it hard to focus? You may be mentally exhausted. Learn the signs and how to feel better.
What Neurological Disorders Cause Loss of Bladder Control?
的提单adder control is urinary incontinence. Severity ranges from occasionally leaking urine while straining, coughing or sneezing to having a frequent sudden urge to urinate. The causes of neurologic urinary incontinence include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, stroke, brain tumor, spinal injury and heavy metal poisoning.Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a disabling brain disorder that may cause hallucinations and delusions and affect a person's ability to communicate and pay attention. Symptoms of psychosis appear in men in their late teens and early 20s and in women in their mid-20s to early 30s. With treatment involving the use of antipsychotic medications and psychosocial treatment, schizophrenia patients can lead rewarding and meaningful lives.
Schizophrenia Quiz
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder. Learn more about the challenges of mental illness with the Schizophrenia Quiz.Tardive Dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia occurs after exposure to certain types of medication. The most common medications that can lead to tardive dyskinesia include antipsychotic medications and antiemetics. Symptoms associated with tardive dyskinesia include tongue protrusion, lip pursing or smacking, grimacing, cheek bulging or puffing out, chewing actions, and eye closure. Early diagnosis and treatment of tardive dyskinesia are often successful in controlling the symptoms and even reversing the condition.
What Are the Five Types of Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe mental disorder which is one of the most disabling mental conditions. Schizophrenia affects the person’s perception of reality, thoughts, emotions, actions and their interaction with others. There are five classical subtypes of schizophrenia paranoid, hebephrenic, undifferentiated, residual, and catatonic.
What Can Trigger Schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia usually shows its first signs in men in their late teens or early 20s and women in their early 20s and 30s. It’s rare before adolescence. Though the exact triggers and causes of schizophrenia aren’t known, several risk factors can contribute to schizophrenia, including genetics, brain chemistry and circuits, brain abnormalities, and environmental factors.
Mental Health: Where to Get Mental Health Help
When you think of mental health, lying on a couch in a therapist’s office may come to mind. But there are other options, and some are low-cost or even free. Here’s what you need to know.