High blood pressureorhypertensionaffects around 80 million Americans.Hypertensionis also known as “the silent killer” because it often goes unnoticed and may cause serious complications such as kidney diseases,heartdiseases,heart failure, andstroke. As many as 16 million Americans are unaware of the condition.High blood pressure由于紧缩或发生stiffnessof very small arteries called arterioles. As a result, the heart pumps harder through the stiff or narrow arterioles, leading to elevated pressure inside the vessels.High blood pressureorhypertensionis when theblood pressurereadings consistently range from 140 or higher for systolic or 90 or higher for diastolic. Blood pressure readings above 180/120 mmHg are dangerously high and require immediate medical attention.
What are the different types of blood pressure?
There are two main types ofhigh blood pressure: primary and secondary high blood pressure.
- Primary high blood pressure:也称为高血压《至关重要e, this is the most common type of high blood pressure. Primary high blood pressure does not happen as a result of some underlying medical condition. This type of blood pressure develops over time as one gets older.
- Secondary high blood pressure: It is caused by another medical condition or due to the use of certain medications. It gets better once the condition is treated or when the medication is stopped.
Who is at risk of high blood pressure?
People associated with the following risk factors are more likely to get high blood pressure:
- Family history of high blood pressure
- African-American race
- Male gender
- 5岁以上的女性5 years
- Stress
- Obesity
- Consumption of a fat-rich and sodium-richdiet
- Tobacco use
- Oralcontraceptiveuse
- Heavyalcoholdrinking
- Physical inactivity
- Diabetes
- Tumors in adrenal or pituitary glands
- Pregnancy
- Production of excess growth hormone
- Problems with parathyroid gland
- Reactions to medicines for other medical problems
How does high blood pressure affect the body?
High blood pressure affects the body in the following ways:
- It hardens the arteries because the excess pressure in the arteries causes the muscles lining the walls of the artery to thicken, leading to the narrowing of the passage.
- It increases the workload of the heart causing the heart to enlarge. The bigger heart demands more oxygen-rich blood but is unable to obtain it. As a result, the person may feel weak and tired.
- It damages the kidney as the blood supply gets affected due to prolonged high blood pressure.
- It affects the retina of the eye by causing the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) to bleed.
QUESTION
Salt and sodium are the same.See AnswerWhat are the symptoms of high blood pressure?
Most of the time, people do not experience any symptoms at all. In some cases, people with high blood pressure experience the following symptoms:
- Pounding feeling in the chest or head
- Lightheadedness
- Dizziness
How is high blood pressure treated?
Lifestyle changes, regular exercises, and blood pressure medications help to treat high blood pressure. Some of the suggested lifestyle changes are as follows:
- Quit smoking
- Lose weight
- Avoid alcohol or at least limit the intake
- Eat a low-sodium, low-fatdietsuch as theDASH diet
- Avoidstress
- Eat foods rich in potassium, magnesium, and calcium such as bananas and milk
- Regular monitoring of blood pressure after reaching the age of 35
- Practice meditation and other stress-relieving exercises
- Cut down oncaffeine
Blood pressure medications include the following:
- Diuretics help the body to eliminate the excess sodium and water
- ACE inhibitorsblock the enzyme responsible for increased blood pressure
- Beta blockers,calcium channel blockers, and othervasodilatorshelp to relax and widen the blood vessels to relieve the pressure.
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Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is the pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries when the heart muscle relaxes between beats. When the bottom number of blood pressure (diastole) is over 100 mmHg, it may be called diastolic hypertension (DHT). Diastolic blood pressure means the blood pressure reading during the phase when your heart relaxes (diastole). Force of the blood against the walls of the arteries (the blood vessels carrying blood from the heart to other sites) in the body is called blood pressure. The heart pumps the blood into the arteries as it contracts (systole).
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High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
High blood pressure (hypertension) is a disease in which pressure within the arteries of the body is elevated. About 75 million people in the US have hypertension (1 in 3 adults), and only half of them are able to manage it. Many people do not know that they have high blood pressure because it often has no has no warning signs or symptoms.
Systolic and diastolic are the two readings in which blood pressure is measured. The American College of Cardiology released new guidelines for high blood pressure in 2017. The guidelines now state that blood normal blood pressure is 120/80 mmHg. If either one of those numbers is higher, you have high blood pressure.
The American Academy of Cardiology defines high blood pressure slightly differently. The AAC considers 130/80 mm Hg. or greater (either number) stage 1 hypertension. Stage 2 hypertension is considered 140/90 mm Hg. or greater.
If you have high blood pressure you are at risk of developing life threatening diseases like stroke and heart attack.
REFERENCE: CDC. High Blood Pressure. Updated: Nov 13, 2017.
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