A total pelvic exenteration or pelvic clearance surgery is the surgical procedure to remove
- The bladder.
- The uterus (womb).
- The ovaries.
- All or part of your vagina.
- The rectum and anus (part of the lower intestine).
It is performed in patients withcancersof the above organs that have spread in the pelvic region.
The procedure is usually done under general anesthesia:
- An incision (cut) will be made in the middle of the abdomen from thebelly buttonto the top of the pubic bone.
- Sometimes, it may also be necessary to make a second incision around the anal area to carry out the operation.
- The affected organs such as the bladder and lower bowel are usually removed.
- Once removed, two permanent openings called stomata are made. It is usually created on the abdominal wall to divert and drain urine and feces into a bag.
- Usually, aplasticsurgeon would be involved in the operation to repair the changes made by the surgery by using a flap to make the repair.
What are the types of a pelvic exenteration?
A pelvic exenteration can be carried in three different ways depending on thecancerlocation:
- An anterior exenteration:It removes the bladder but not the rectum. It is done if there is nocancerin or close to the rectum.
- A posterior exenteration:It removes the rectum but not the bladder. It is done if there is nocancerin or close to the bladder.
- A total exenteration:It removes both the bladder and rectum.
Why is a total pelvic exenteration performed?
A pelvic exenteration is used when cancer has spread within the pelvis or has come back in the pelvis after other treatments. It is most often used to treatcervical cancerthat has come back after treatment. This operation can be done to treat cancers in the pelvis including:
- Cervical cancer
- Womb cancer
- Vaginal cancer
- Vulval cancer
- Rectal cancer
- 分析的cancer
- Prostate cancerin men
Is total pelvic exenteration a major surgery?
A pelvic exenteration is a major operation. It is an open procedure and usually takes around 8-10 hours to complete. The average length of the stay in the hospital is 10-14 days after the procedure. There are risks associated with the procedure. Possible risks and complications from this surgery are as follows:
- Bleeding
- Blood clots
- Problems due to general anesthesia such asdizziness,headaches, andvomiting
- Infections and slowwoundhealing
- Joining inside of the bowel orstomacould come apart
- Joining tubes coming from the kidneys could come apart
- A hole called a fistula can occur in the pelvis or abdomen due to having cancer treatments
- Bowel could get obstructed
- The kidneys could start to fail
- 重建组织可能开始分解
What is the survival rate of a patient after a total pelvic exenteration?
As per research, the survival rate is considered poor in a total pelvic exenteration, despite improvements in the technique. Multiple non-modifiable factors at the time of an exenteration are associated with poor survival.
SLIDESHOW
Skin Cancer Symptoms, Types, ImagesSee SlideshowTop What Is a Total Pelvic Exenteration? Related Articles
Bladder Cancer
Treatment for bladder cancer depends on the stage of the disease, the grade of the tumor, and the type of bladder cancer. Options for treatment include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and biological therapy.
Bladder Cancer Slides
Bladder cancer occurs when cancerous cells, often from the lining of the bladder, begin to multiply. Find more information about bladder cancer, the stages of bladder cancer, and available treatment options.
Cancer
Cancer is a disease caused by an abnormal growth of cells, also called malignancy. It is a group of 100 different diseases, and is not contagious. Cancer can be treated through chemotherapy, a treatment of drugs that destroy cancer cells.
How Long Does Pelvic Exenteration Take?
Pelvic exenteration is a surgical procedure performed for centrally located recurrent gynecologic cancers involving resection (removal) of all pelvic structures, including the uterus, cervix, vagina, bladder, and rectum. Pelvic exenteration is a long surgery and typically takes 8 hours or longer.
Is Gallbladder Cancer Aggressive?
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is one of the aggressive cancers of the biliary tract. The gallbladder generates and concentrates bile that aids in the digestion of fats. GBC is a rare, yet deadly cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.
Ovarian Cancer
There are many types of ovarian cancer, epithelial carcinoma is the most common. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer have an increased risk of developing the disease. Some ovarian cancer symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and abnormal vaginal bleeding, however, they usually do not present until the disease has progressed. Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment.
Ovarian Cancer Slides
Ovarian cancer symptoms and signs include abdominal pain, bloating, frequent urination, and a feeling of fullness. Ovarian cancer treatment depends on the stage and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapy.
Ovarian Cancer Quiz
How common is ovarian cancer and who is at risk? Take our Ovarian Cancer Quiz to learn the causes, symptoms, and treatment for this disease.
What Are the Symptoms of Stage 1 Ovarian Cancer?
At stage 1 of ovarian cancer, the cancer is present only in the ovaries i.e. it has not spread in any other organs. Signs and symptoms at this stage may include a mass felt in the abdomen, distension or swelling of abdomen, abnormal vaginal bleeding (between menstrual periods or after menopause) and other signs. Stage 1 ovarian cancer has no symptoms in many women, however; often they may not experience symptoms until the cancer has spread significantly.