Patients with uterinecancermay complain of moderate-to-severepainin their pelvic region. Thepainusually radiates to their abdomen as well as chest ascancergrows. However, pain in the pelvic region may develop only in the later stages of uterinecancer. In more than 90 percent of women, unexpected abnormalvaginal bleedingis the most common early sign ofovarian cancer. However, the early signs and symptoms of uterine cancer may sometimes vary from patient to patient. The irregular bleeding might be
- Vaginal bleedingafter themenopause
- Bleeding between periods
- Bleeding that is unusually heavy
- Vaginal discharge从光或dar血迹斑斑k brown
Uterine cancer usually occurs aftermenopause, typically between the ages of 60 and 70. It also may occur around the time thatmenopausebegins. Bleeding may start as a watery, blood-streaked flow that gradually contains more blood. A woman should see her doctor if she has any of the following symptoms along with abnormal bleeding.
- Thin white or clear vaginal discharge with a foul smell after menopause
- Extremely long, heavy, or frequent episodes of vaginal bleeding after age 40 years, unresponsive to medical management
- Difficult orpainful urination
- Pain during intercourse
- Pain or pressure in the pelvic area—sometimes, a lump in the pelvic area or lower abdomen may also be felt
- Unintentionalweight loss
- A feeling of fullness or pressure in the abdomen
- Changes in bowel or bladder habits
What are the different stages and treatment of uterine cancer?
Uterine cancer, which is also known as endometrial cancer, is characterized by the irregular growth of cells in the uterus. The uterus is the place where a baby grows when a woman ispregnant. Uterine cancer is the most common cancer of a woman’s reproductive system. Cancer begins when normal cells in the uterus begin to change, grow uncontrollably and form a mass of cells called a tumor. If this tumor is found to be cancerous ormalignant, it is then considered uterine cancer. The stages of endometrial cancer may include
- Stage I (Stage I uterine cancer):Cancer is confined to the uterus.
- Stage II (Stage II uterine cancer):Cancer has spread to the cervix (neck of the uterus).
- Stage III (Stage III uterine cancer):Cancer has spread to the vagina, ovaries, and/orlymph nodes.
- Stage IV (Stage IV uterine cancer):In the most advanced stage of uterine cancer, cancer has spread to the urinary bladder, rectum, or organs located far from the uterus, such as thelungsor bones.
When considering treatment for uterine cancer, it will depend on the stage of cancer and overall general health. Treatment options for uterine cancer can include
- Surgery:Surgery is often recommended for aggressive cases of endometrial cancer or to prevent it from spreading further. Ahysterectomy(surgical removal of the uterus) is usually suggested with salpingo-oophorectomy(surgical removal of the fallopian tube and ovary) as a precautionary step. At the same time, the lymph nodes will be removed for testing, which is essential to determine the stages of cancer.
- Radiation:If the cancer is not aggressive or is still in the initial stages,radiation therapyis often used to kill cancer cells. It can be used to shrink a tumor, making it easier to remove it. It can also be used to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence after surgery. Radiation therapy is also recommended for women who are not eligible for surgery.
- Hormone therapy:Hormone therapy is often suggested for advanced cases of endometrial cancer that has spread beyond the uterus. Hormone therapy targets certain hormones in the body that aid or prevents uterine cancer growth.
- Chemotherapy:A chemical drug designed to kill cancer cells; it can be consumed to treat cancer. It can be taken through intravenous drips or orally. It is often recommended for individuals who have recurrent endometrial cancer that has spread beyond the uterus.
Early detection and better treatment have improved survival for people with uterine cancer. If uterine cancer has been diagnosed in its later stages, cancer may have spread to the point where a cure is no longer possible. Treatment then focuses on improving the quality of life by relieving the symptoms (this is called palliative treatment). The patient may be given chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery to help with this. They may also have medication to relieve pain,nausea, andvomiting.
SLIDESHOW
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Cancer
Cancer is a disease caused by an abnormal growth of cells, also called malignancy. It is a group of 100 different diseases, and is not contagious. Cancer can be treated through chemotherapy, a treatment of drugs that destroy cancer cells.
Cancer Risk Factors and Causes
Though it's difficult to say why some people develop cancer while others don't, research shows that certain risk factors increase a person's odds of developing cancer. These risk factors include growing older, family history of cancer, diet, alcohol and tobacco use, and exposure to sunlight, ionizing radiation, certain chemicals, and some viruses and bacteria.
癌症疼痛
Cancer pain is a common experience that may result from the disease, treatment, or diagnostic procedure. Check out the center below for more medical references on cancer, including multimedia (slideshows, images, and quizzes), related disease conditions, treatment and diagnosis, medications, and prevention or wellness.
fentanyl patch
Fentanyl transdermal patch is a synthetic narcotic prescribed for severe pain in patients, for example, with cancer pain. Side effects may include yawning, nasal discharge, twitching muscles, nausea, diarrhea, and coughing. Because fentanyl is an opioid, it carries the risks of addiction, abuse, and misuse. Do not take fentanyl if pregnant or breastfeeding.
IUD (Intrauterine Device for Birth Control)
An IUD (intrauterine device) is a birth control method designed for a woman. The IUD is a small "T" made of molded polyethylene plastic coated with barium so that, if need be, it can be seen on X-ray.
There are two types of IUDs 1) Intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) including the ParaGard, Copper 7, and Mini-7; and 2) Intrauterine system (IUS) including Progestasert and Mirena.
Side effects of the IUD include spotting, infection, infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Risks and complications of the IUD are miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, and increased menstrual bleeding.
levonorgestrel-releasing 5 year system - intrauterine, Mirena
megestrol
甲地孕酮是一种人工合成的孕激素,一of the female sex hormones, and has effects similar to the natural hormone. Megestrol is used to treat extreme weight loss and muscle wasting syndrome (cachexia) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the advanced stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and advanced breast and endometrial cancers. Common side effects of megestrol include diarrhea, gas (flatulence), nausea, vomiting, indigestion (dyspepsia), abdominal pain, constipation, oral Candida yeast infection (moniliasis), dry mouth (xerostomia), excessive salivation (sialorrhea), skin rash, hair loss (alopecia), and others. Do not take if pregnant or breastfeeding.methadone hydrochloride
Methadone hydrochloride is a synthetic opioid analgesic medication used for opioid detoxification and management of severe pain that does not respond to alternate treatment and requires long-term opioid treatment. Methadone is also used to treat chronic and severe cancer pain or pain from nerve damage (neuropathy). The most common side effects of methadone hydrochloride include lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and injection site reactions. Methadone hydrochloride has a high potential for addiction, abuse, and misuse and can lead to overdose.morphine
Morphine is a pain reliever (analgesic) used to manage moderate-to-severe acute and chronic pain, including post-surgical pain, and pain caused by cancer and other conditions. Morphine has a high risk for addiction, abuse, and misuse that can lead to overdose and death. Common side effects of morphine include itching (pruritus), urinary retention, vomiting, headache, drowsiness (somnolence), and constipation. Consult your doctor before taking morphine if pregnant. Taking morphine while breastfeeding is not recommended due to risk to infant.
Ovarian Cancer
There are many types of ovarian cancer, epithelial carcinoma is the most common. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer have an increased risk of developing the disease. Some ovarian cancer symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and abnormal vaginal bleeding, however, they usually do not present until the disease has progressed. Early diagnosis is important for successful treatment.
What Are Uterine Fibroids? Symptoms, Treatment, Pictures
What are uterine fibroids? Who gets uterine fibroids, and how can you prevent them? Learn about uterine fibroid treatments, from endometrial ablation to hysterectomy, find out what if any foods can ease symptoms of uterine fibroids, and discover what cancer risks fibroids present.
Uterine Fibroids: Test Your Medical IQ
What causes uterine fibroids? Are fibroids serious? What is the best treatment for uterine fibroids? Could you be at-risk? Take this quiz to learn all about fibroids.
What Is the Number 1 Cause of Cancer?
Cancer refers to a collection of large number of diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and can infiltrate and destroy the normal body tissue.