The exact cause ofTourette syndromeisn't known. It is likely to be caused by an interplay between genetic and environmental factors such as certain infections.
Recent research on Tourette syndrome has found problems in certain brain regions and neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) that transmit messages between the nerve cells. These abnormalities may be responsible for the symptoms of Tourette syndrome.
Certain factors that put you at risk of Tourette syndrome include
- Having a family history of Tourette syndrome or other tic disorders
- Male sex (men are about three to four times more likely than women to develop Tourette syndrome)
What is Tourette syndrome?
Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by brief, repetitive, intermittent, involuntary actions known astics. Tics that involve movement are referred to as motor tics and those that involve sounds are referred to as vocal tics. Motor tics usually show up before vocal tics do.
It is estimated that one out of every 160 children between the ages of 5 to17 years old in the United States is affected by Tourette syndrome. The average onset of symptoms is between the ages of three and nine years.
How is Tourette syndrome diagnosed?
For doctors to diagnose Tourette syndrome, you should have both motor and vocal tics for at least one year.
- There is typically no need for any investigations to arrive at the diagnosis of Tourette syndrome.
- 在极少数情况下,医生可能会为成像udies, such asmagnetic resonance imaging(MRI) orcomputerized tomography(CT) andelectroencephalogram(EEG) studies that may help them rule out other conditions when symptoms are confusing.
Can you get rid of Tourette syndrome?
The disorder does not get worse over time and the condition improves in the lateteensand early 20s in many patients. Symptoms may disappear in some people. Others may not need medications to suppress tics. The majority of people with Tourette syndrome require no treatment for tic suppression unless the symptoms interfere with functioning.
Tourette syndrome is generally lifelong and chronic and has no cure. You cannot get rid of it. However, you can get rid of its symptoms and various treatment options can help you to effectively deal with them.
- Neuroleptics:Thesedrugsare used to treat psychotic and non-psychotic disorders. The most effective ones in Tourette syndrome arehaloperidolandpimozide.
- Alpha-adrenergic agonists:These drugs used primarily to treathypertension, for exampleclonidineandguanfacine, are useful to suppress tics.
- Stimulant medications:For attention-deficit hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD) that occurs in patients with Tourette syndrome, stimulant medications such asmethylphenidateanddextroamphetamineare helpful.
- Serotonin reuptake inhibitors:Serotonin reuptake inhibitors such asclomipramine,fluoxetine,fluvoxamine,paroxetineandsertralinehave helped in dealing with theobsessive compulsive disorderthat accompanies Tourette syndrome.
- Behavioral treatments:Among these, awareness training and competing response training have been used as supportive therapy to reduce tics.
QUESTION
See AnswerNIH
Tourette Association of America
什么导致了图雷特综合症相关的基于“增大化现实”技术ticles
Adderall
Adderall is a drug prescribed for the treatment of ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) and narcolepsy. Side effects of amphetamines include excessive stimulation of the nervous system leading to nervousness, restlessness, excitability, dizziness, headache, insomnia, fear, anxiety, tremor, hallucinations, and convulsions (seizures). Do not take Adderall if pregnant or breastfeeding.aripiprazole
Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic medication used to treat psychoses such as schizophrgenia, bipolar mania and mixed manic/depressive episodes, major depressive disorder in adults, irritability associated with autistic disorder, Tourette's disorder, agitation associated with schizophrenia or bipolar mania. This drug should not be taken by patients with certain diseases and health conditions.clonidine
Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Kapvay) is an oral and topical drug prescribed for the treatment of high blood pressure. Off label uses include the treatment of the symptoms of narcotic and nicotine withdrawal, diabetic neuropathy, hot flashes (associated with menopause), and cancer pain. Review side effects, warnings and precautions, drug interactions, and pregnancy and breastfeeding safety information prior to taking any medication.dextroamphetamine sustained-action capsule - oral, Dexedrine
dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, Dextrostat, ProCentra, Zenzedi)
dextroamphetamine sulfate (Dexedrine, Dextrostat, ProCentra, Zenzedi) is a prescription drug used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults and children, and narcolepsy. Side effects, drug interactions, dosing, storage, and pregnancy safety information should be reviewed prior to taking any medication.guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex)
Guanfacine (Intuniv, Tenex) is a prescription medication used to treat ADHD and high blood pressure (hypertension). Check out the center below for more medical references on guanfacine, including multimedia (slideshows, images, and quizzes), related disease conditions, treatment and diagnosis, medications, and prevention or wellness.haloperidol
Haloperidol is a drug prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and Tourette's syndrome. Side effects include nausea, tiredness, hyperactivity, weight gain, insomnia, dry mouth, vomiting, and constipation. Haloperidol may cause a condition called "orthostatic hypotension" during the early phase of treatment (first week or two). Orthostatic hypotension causes patients to become dizzy upon arising from a lying or sitting position because of a drop in blood pressure.methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Methylin, Daytrana)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Ritalin SR, Ritalin LA, Concerta, Methylin, Methylin ER, Daytrana, Quillivant XR, Metadate CD, Metadate ER) is a drug prescribed for the treatment of narcolepsy and children with ADHD. Side effects, drug interactions, warnings and precautions, patient safety information, and pregnancy efficacy should be reviewed prior to taking any medication.
pimozide - oral, Orap
What Exactly Is Tourette Syndrome?
Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a lifelong neurological disorder that starts more commonly during childhood between five and 10 years of age. People affected with TS display rapid, repetitive movements and words together known as tics over which they have no control.