What Are the Symptoms of Enterovirus D68?

Enterovirus D68, also called EV68 orEV-D68, is a type of virus affecting the respiratory system (the airways andlungs), which was first identified in 1962 in California. EV-D68 belongs to the nonpoliovirus category of the enterovirus group that contains hundreds of otherviruses(such as poliovirus).

Most of the enteroviral infections are mild, butEnterovirus D68can cause serious disease, especially in people with underlying breathing conditions, such asasthma. AlthoughEnterovirus D68mainly causes respiratory symptoms, it can cause neurological manifestations (such asacute flaccid myelitis) as well, including muscle weakness orparalysis, facial drooping, ptosis, diplopia, anddysphagia.

Most patients with severe illness, who require hospitalization, are children. Although the infection can occur any time of the year, it is more common in summer and fall in the United States.

For the diagnosis ofEnterovirus D68infection, the doctor will do the following:

• Take detailed medical history about the symptoms and any underlying health conditions, such asallergiesorasthma.
• Perform a thorough medical examination including chest examination.
• Order certain tests or imaging studies, such as:
  • The test forEnterovirus D68requires specimen collection from the nose and throat.
  • A blood sample could be taken.
  • A specific type of test called real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(rRTPCR) is done to diagnoseEnterovirus D68infection. The test is available in some doctors’ offices and several hospitals. The test reports may come after a few days.
  • The doctor may suggest chestX-rays.
  • 在神经系统症状的情况下,magnetic resonance imagingscan and cerebrospinal fluid examination could be done.

Presently, there is novaccineagainstEnterovirus D68infection. The virus mainly spreads throughcoughing, sneezing, or touching an infected surface.

To prevent the infection and its spread, the following tips are recommended:

• Practice proper and frequent handwashing using soap and water for 20 seconds.
• Cover the mouth and nose with a tissue or the elbow while sneezing or coughing.
• Avoid touching the nose or mouth without washing hands.
• Disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces, such as doorknobs and toys, particularly if someone has respiratory symptoms at home.
• Avoid sharing eating utensils or cups, kissing, or hugging when a person is sick or with someone who is sick.
• Avoid public places including school or work when a person is sick.