Althoughbreast canceris far more common among women, it can affect men in rare cases.Breast cancerrisk in men increases with age, and most men withbreast cancerare diagnosed in their 60s and 70s.
What causes breast cancer in men?
Although the exact cause of breastcanceris unknown, it results when the DNA in any cell of the breast tissue develops an abnormal change or mutation. This mutation may be due toinheritedgenetic defects or environmental and lifestyle factors.
Whatever the cause, the mutation causes cancerous cells to multiply uncontrollably, eventually leading tocancer. Because breast cells grow and multiply in response to estrogen (female sex hormone), men with higher blood levels of estrogen may be predisposed to breastcancer.
What are risk factors for breast cancer in men?
Breast cancer is diagnosed in about 2,710 men each year in the United States. The lifetime risk of breast cancer is about 1 in 833 men. Risk factors forbreast cancer in meninclude:
- Age (older than 60 years)
- 乳腺癌的家族史(大约20%的男性diagnosed with breast cancer have a history of breast cancer in their blood relatives)
- Inherited gene mutations (particularly mutations inBRCA1orBRCA2gene)
- Klinefelter syndrome一个人的(遗传条件born with an extra X chromosome)
- History ofradiation therapyon the chest area
- Abnormally high estrogen levels due to estrogen therapy orliverdiseases
- Excessivealcoholconsumption
- Beingoverweightorobese
- Conditions that affect the testes such as undescended testis, surgical removal of the testis, ormumpsin adulthood that leads to testicular inflammation or orchitis
How can a man tell if he has breast cancer?
Male breast cancergenerally presents as a lump in the breast area. However, since lumps can also be caused by non-cancerous conditions, proper medical evaluation and diagnosis is necessary. Signs and symptoms ofmale breast cancerinclude:
- Lump in the breast (generally painless)
- Lump or swelling in the underarms or around the collar bone
- Any change in the size or shape of the breast
- Changes in the appearance of the skin over the breast, such as dimpling or puckering (dimples may cause the breast to appear like an orange peel)
- Changes in the position or appearance of the乳头such as redness, swelling, crusting, or inward turning of the nipple (nipple retraction)
- Nipple discharge, particularly blood-stained fluid
SLIDESHOW
Breast Cancer Awareness: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and TreatmentSee Slideshow
Medically Reviewed on6/22/2022
References
Image Source: iStock image
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740#:~:text=The%20risk%20of%20breast%20cancer%20increases%20as%20you%20age.,Exposure%20to%20estrogen
https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer-in-men/about/what-is-breast-cancer-in-men.html
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/male-breast-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374740#:~:text=The%20risk%20of%20breast%20cancer%20increases%20as%20you%20age.,Exposure%20to%20estrogen
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Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is an invasive tumor that develops in the mammary gland. Breast cancer is detected via mammograms, breast self-examination (BSE), biopsy, and specialized testing on breast cancer tissue. Treatment of breast cancer may involve surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. Breast cancer risk may be lowered by managing controllable risk factors.
What you should know about breast cancer
- Breast cancer is the most common cancer among American women.
- One in every eight women in the United States develops breast cancer.
- There are many types of breast cancer that differ in their capability of spreading (metastasize) to other body tissues.
- The causes of breast cancer are unknown, although medical professionals have identified a number of risk factors.
- There are 11 common types of breast cancer and 4 uncommon types of breast cancer.
- Breast cancer early signs and symptoms include
- a lump in the breast or armpit,
- bloody nipple discharge,
- inverted nipple,
- orange-peel texture or dimpling of the breast's skin (peau d'orange),
- breast pain or sore nipple,
- swollen lymph nodes in the neck or armpit, and
- a change in the size or shape of the breast or nipple.
- Breast cancer can also be symptom free, which makes following national screening recommendations an important practice.
- Breast cancer is diagnosed during a physical exam, by a self-exam of the breasts, mammography, ultrasound testing, and biopsy.
- Treatment of breast cancer depends on the type of cancer and its stage (0-IV) and may involve surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy.
Breast Cancer Follow-Up Self-Exam
A breast cancer follow-up self-exam is a test that may help a woman detect a recurrence of the disease. A woman should perform a monthly self-exam of both breasts as well as attend scheduled follow-up appointments to detect any breast cancer recurrence early. Lymph node involvement, tumor size, hormone receptor status, histologic grade, nuclear grade, and oncogene expression help determine the likelihood of a recurrence.
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Breast Cancer in Children
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer globally. It is mostly seen in women, whereas men are rarely affected. Breast tumors are occasionally seen in children and are mostly benign (noncancerous) and thought to be harmless. Breast lumps in children are known as fibroadenomas, and girls are more likely to develop these tumors. There is no standard staging of breast cancer in children.
在乳腺癌扩散
When breast cancer spreads, or metastasizes, it often goes to these five places: the lymph nodes, bones, liver, lungs, and brain. See how breast cancer metastasis affects the body, possible symptoms, and treatment.
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Genetic Testing: Families With Breast Cancer
Breast cancer can be a killer and the decision to get tested to see if a patient is prone to the disease should be discussed with a doctor -- particularly if the woman has a history of breast cancer in her family. Genetic testing can only tell so much about breast cancer risk, however.
Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer
Intensive genetic counseling is required before undergoing genetic tests for breast cancer. During this educational counseling session, the health care provider can fully explain the benefits and risks of genetic testing and answer any questions you may have. You will also be required to sign a consent form prior to participating in any genetic tests. The form is an agreement between you and your doctor, showing that you have discussed the test and how its results might affect your family.
你怎么能检测的信徒ast Cancer Early?
Breast cancer develops from the cells of the breasts and can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis). It is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in women in the United States. A lump in the breast or armpit is often the first sign. Treatment success depends largely on early detection.
Male Breast Cancer
Male breast cancer accounts for 1% of all breast cancers, and most cases are found in men between the ages of 60 and 70. A man's risk of developing breast cancer is one in 1,000. Signs and symptoms include a firm mass located below the nipple and skin changes around the nipple, including puckering, redness or scaling, retraction and ulceration of the nipple. Treatment depends upon staging and the health of the patient.
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