Stress:In a medical or biological contextstressis a physical, mental, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension. Stresses can be external (from theenvironment, psychological, or social situations) or internal (illness, or from a medical procedure). Stress can initiate the "fight or flight" response, a complex reaction of neurologic and endocrinologic systems.
Catecholaminehormones, such asadrenalineor noradrenaline, facilitate immediate physical reactions associated with a preparation for violent肌肉发达的action. These include the following: Acceleration of heart and lung action, paling or flushing, or alternating between both, inhibition of stomach and upper-intestinal action to the point where digestion slows down or stops, the general effect on the sphincters of the body, constriction of blood vessels in many parts of the body, liberation of nutrients (particularly fat and glucose) for muscular action,dilationof blood vessels for muscles, inhibition of the lacrimalgland(responsible for tear production) and salivation, dilation ofpupil(mydriasis), relaxation ofbladder, inhibition of erection, auditory exclusion (loss of hearing),tunnel vision(loss ofperipheral vision), disinhibition of spinal reflexes, and Shaking
Stress can cause or influence the course of many medical conditions including psychological conditions such as depression and anxiety. Medical problems can include poor healing,irritable bowel syndrome,high blood pressure, poorly controlleddiabetes和许多其他条件。压力management is recognized as an effective treatment modality to include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic components.
