Pygeum

Other Name(s):

African Plum Tree, African Prune, African Pygeum, Amande Amère, Ciruelo Africano, Prunier d’Afrique, Prunus africana, Pygeum africanum, Pygeum Africanus.

Overview

Pygeum is a tree. The bark is used as medicine.

Pygeum is used for treating symptoms of enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH) and prostate cancer. It is also used for inflammation, kidney disease, urinary problems, malaria, stomachache, fever, and to increase sexual desire.

How does it work?

Pygeum contains chemicals that help shrink the prostate to relieve urinary problems such as poor urine flow and nighttime urination in men with enlarged prostates.

SLIDESHOW

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Uses & Effectiveness

Likely Effective for...

  • Enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH). Taking pygeum by mouth reduces symptoms of BPH such as low urine flow. However, taking a combination of pygeum and stinging nettle does not appear to improve symptom of BPH.

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...

  • Inflammation.
  • Kidney disease.
  • Malaria.
  • Stomachache.
  • Fever.
  • Sexual performance problems.
  • Other conditions.
More evidence is needed to rate the effectiveness of pygeum for these uses.

eff天然药物数据库综合利率ectiveness based on scientific evidence according to the following scale: Effective, Likely Effective, Possibly Effective, Possibly Ineffective, Likely Ineffective, and Insufficient Evidence to Rate(detailed description of each of the ratings).

Side Effects

Pygeum isLIKELY SAFEfor most people when taken by mouth appropriately. It can cause nausea and abdominal pain.

QUESTION

Testosterone is a chemical found only in men.See Answer

Special Precautions & Warnings

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking pygeum if you are pregnant or breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Dosing

The following doses have been studied in scientific research:

BY MOUTH:

  • For symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 75-200 mg standardized lipophilic extract (14% triterpenes, 0.5% n-docosanol) of pygeum per day.

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References

Andro M and Riffaud J. Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a review of 25 years of published experience. Curr Ther Res 1995;56(8):796-817.

Barth H. Non hormonal treatment of benighn prostatic hypertrophy. Clinical evaluation of the active extract of Pygeum africanum. Proc Symp Benign Prostat Hypertrophy 1981;1:45-48.

Bassi, P., Artibani, W., De, Luca, V, Zattoni, F., and Lembo, A. [Standardized extract of Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Controlled clinical study versus placebo]. Minerva Urol.Nefrol. 1987;39(1):45-50. View abstract.

Blitz M, Garbit JL, Masson JC, and et al. [Controlled study on the effect of a medical treatment on subjects consulting for the first time for prostatic adenoma]. Lyon Mediterr Med 1985;21:11.

Bongi, G. [Tadenan in the treatment of prostatic adenoma. Anatomo-clinical study]. Minerva Urol 1972;24(4):129-139. View abstract.

Brackman F and Autet W. Once and twice daily dosage regimens of Pygeum africanum extract (PA): a double-blind study in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [abstract]. J Urology 1999;161(4S):361.

Choo M, Constantinou CE, and Bellamy F. Beneficial effects of Pygeum africanum extract (PA) on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) induced modifications of micturition and prostate growth in rat [abstract]. J Urology 1999;161(4S):229.

Choo, m . S。贝拉米,F。,Constantinou, c, E。Functional evaluation of Tadenan on micturition and experimental prostate growth induced with exogenous dihydrotestosterone. Urology 2000;55(2):292-298. View abstract.

Clavert A、C Cranz Riffaud JP, et al。(效果s of an extract of the bark of Pygeum africanum (V.1326) on prostatic secretions in the rat and in man]. Annales D'Urologie 1986;20(5):341-343.

Dedhia, R. C. and McVary, K. T. Phytotherapy for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia. J.Urol. 2008;179(6):2119-2125. View abstract.

Donkervoort, T., Sterling, A., van Ness, J., and Donker, P. J. A clinical and urodynamic study of tadenan in the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. Eur Urol. 1977;3(4):218-225. View abstract.

Frasseto G, Bertoglio S, Mancuso S, and et al. [Study of the efficacy and tolerability of Tadenan 50 in patients with prostatic hypertrophy]. Progresso Medico 1986;42:49-53.

Gagliardi V, Apicella F, Pino P, and et al. Terapia medica dell'ipertrofia prostatica. Sperimentazione clinica controllata. Arch Ital Urol Nefrol Andrologia 1983;55:51-59.

Giacobini S, von Heland M, de Natale G, and et al. Valutazione clinica e morfo-funzionale del trattamento a doppio cieco con placebo, Tadenan 50 e Tadenan 50 associato a Farlutal nei pazienti con ipertrofia prostatica benigna. Antologia Medica Italiana 1986;6:1-10.

Hutchison, A., Farmer, R., Verhamme, K., Berges, R., and Navarrete, R. V. The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of LUTS/BPH, a study in 6 European countries. Eur Urol 2007;51(1):207-215. View abstract.

Krzeski, T., Kazon, M., Borkowski, A., Witeska, A., and Kuczera, J. Combined extracts of Urtica dioica and Pygeum africanum in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: double-blind comparison of two doses. Clin Ther 1993;15(6):1011-1020. View abstract.

Levin, R. M., Riffaud, J. P., Bellamy, F., Rohrmann, D., Habib, M., Krasnopolsky, L., Zhao, Y., and Wein, A. J. Protective effect of Tadenan on bladder function secondary to partial outlet obstruction. J Urol. 1996;155(4):1466-1470. View abstract.

Mandressi A, Tarallo U, Maggioni A, and et al. Terapia medica dell'adenoma prostatico: confronto della efficacia dell'estratto di Serenoa repens (Permixon) versus l'estratto di Pigeum africanum e placebo. Valutazione in doppio cieco. Urologia 1983;50(4):752-757.

Mathe, G., Hallard, M., Bourut, C. H., and Chenu, E. A Pygeum africanum extract with so-called phyto-estrogenic action markedly reduces the volume of true and large prostatic hypertrophy. Biomed.Pharmacother. 1995;49(7-8):341-343. View abstract.

Mathe, G., Orbach-Arbouys, S., Bizi, E., and Court, B. The so-called phyto-estrogenic action of Pygeum africanum extract. Biomed.Pharmacother. 1995;49(7-8):339-340. View abstract.

Maver, A. [Medical treatment of fibroadenomatous hypertrophy of the prostate with a new plant substance]. Minerva Med 5-16-1972;63(37):2126-2136. View abstract.

McQueen, C. E. and Bryant, P. J. Pygeum. Am J Health Syst Pharm 1-15-2001;58(2):120-123. View abstract.

Mehrsai AR, Pourmand G, and Taheri M. Evaluation of the clinical and urodynamic effects of Pygeum africanum (Tadenan) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) [abstract]. Br J Urol 1997;80(suppl 2):227.

Melo, E. A., Bertero, E. B., Rios, L. A., and Mattos, D., Jr. Evaluating the efficiency of a combination of Pygeum africanum and stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) extracts in treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial. Int Braz.J Urol. 2002;28(5):418-425. View abstract.

Papaioannou, M., Schleich, S., Prade, I., Degen, S., Roell, D., Schubert, U., Tanner, T., Claessens, F., Matusch, R., and Baniahmad, A. The natural compound atraric acid is an antagonist of the human androgen receptor inhibiting cellular invasiveness and prostate cancer cell growth. J.Cell Mol.Med. 7-4-2008. View abstract.

Paubert-Braquet M, Monboisse JC, Servant-Saez N, and et al. Inhibition of bFGF and EGF-induced proliferation of 3T3 fibroblasts by extract of Pygeum africanum (Tadenan). Biomed Pharmacother 1994;48(Suppl 1):43-47.

Paubert-Braquet, M., Cave, A., Hocquemiller, R., Delacroix, D., Dupont, C., Hedef, N., and Borgeat, P. Effect of Pygeum africanum extract on A23187-stimulated production of lipoxygenase metabolites from human polymorphonuclear cells. J Lipid Mediat.Cell Signal. 1994;9(3):285-290. View abstract.

Pavone-Macaluso M. Cyproterone acetate versus Pygeum africanum in the treatment of BPH. A multicentric, randomized study [abstract]. British Journal of Urology 1997;80(suppl 2):207.

Ranno S, Minaldi G, Viscusi G, and et al. [Efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of prostatic adenoma with Tadenan 50]. Progresso Medico 1986;42:165-169.

Rhodes, L., Primka, R. L., Berman, C., Vergult, G., Gabriel, M., Pierre-Malice, M., and Gibelin, B. Comparison of finasteride (Proscar), a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor, and various commercial plant extracts in in vitro and in vivo 5 alpha reductase inhibition. Prostate 1993;22(1):43-51. View abstract.

Rigatti P, Zennaro F, Fraschini O, and et al. L'impegio del Tadenan nell'adenoma prostatico. Ricerca clinica controllata. Atti della Accademia medica lombarda 1983;38:1-4.

Rizzo M. Terapia medica dell'adenoma della prostata: valutazione clinica comparativa tra estratto di Pygeum africanum ad alte dosi e placebo. Farmacia Terapia 1985;2:105-110.

Schleich, S., Papaioannou, M., Baniahmad, A., and Matusch, R. Extracts from Pygeum africanum and other ethnobotanical species with antiandrogenic activity. Planta Med 2006;72(9):807-813. View abstract.

Shenouda, N. S., Sakla, M. S., Newton, L. G., Besch-Williford, C., Greenberg, N. M., MacDonald, R. S., and Lubahn, D. B. Phytosterol Pygeum africanum regulates prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. Endocrine. 2007;31(1):72-81. View abstract.

Thieblot, L., Grizard, G., and Boucher, D. [Effect of V 1326 (active principle of Pygeum africanum bark extract) on hypophyseo-genito-adrenal axis in rats]. Therapie 1977;32(1):99-110. View abstract.

Yoshimura, Y., Yamaguchi, O., Bellamy, F., and Constantinou, C. E. Effect of Pygeum africanum tadenan on micturition and prostate growth of the rat secondary to coadministered treatment and post-treatment with dihydrotestosterone. Urology 2003;61(2):474-478. View abstract.

Andro MC, Riffaud JP. Pygeum africanum extract for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. A review of 25 years of published experience. Curr Ther Res 1995;56:796-817.

Barlet A, Albrecht J, Aubert A, et al. [Efficacy of Pygeum africanum extract in the medical therapy of urination disorders due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: evaluation of objective and subjective parameters. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter study]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1990;102:667-73. View abstract.

Berges RR, Windeler J, Trampisch HJ, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of beta-sitosterol in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Lancet 1995;345:1529-32. View abstract.

Breza J, Dzurny O, Borowka A, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of tadenan (Pygeum africanum extract) in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): a multicentre trial in central Europe. Curr Med Res Opin 1998;14:127-39. View abstract.

Chatelain C, Autet W, Brackman F. Comparison of once and twice daily dosage forms of Pygeum africanum extract in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a randomized, double-blind study, with long-term open label extension. Urology 1999;54:473-8. View abstract.

Dufour B, Choquenet C, Revol M, et al. Controlled study of the effects of Pygeum africanum extract on the functional symptoms of prostatic adenoma. Ann Urol (Paris) 1984;18:193-5. View abstract.

Dutkiewicz S. Usefulness of Cernilton in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int Urol Nephrol 1996;28:49-53.. View abstract.

Ishani A, MacDonald R, Nelson D, et al. Pygeum africanum for the treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. Am J Med 2000;109:654-64.. View abstract.

Levin RM, Das AK. A scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of Pygeum africanum and Serenoa repens. Urol Res 2000;28:201-9. View abstract.

Santa Maria Margalef A, Paciucci Barzanti R, Reventos Puigjaner J, et al. [Antimitogenic effect of Pygeum africanum extracts on human prostatic cancer cell lines and explants from benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Arch Esp Urol 2003;56:369-78. View abstract.

Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R, et al. Pygeum africanum for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002;CD001044.. View abstract.

Yablonsky F, Nicolas V, Riffaud JP, Bellamy F. Antiproliferative effect of Pygeum africanum extract on rat prostatic fibroblasts. J Urol 1997;157:2381-7. View abstract.

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