Lortab 2.5

DESCRIPTION

Hydrocodone bitartrate andacetaminophenis supplied in tablet form for oral administration.

WARNING:May be habit forming(seePRECAUTIONS,Information for Patients, andDRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE).

Hydrocodone bitartrate is anopioidanalgesicand antitussive and occurs as fine, white crystals or as a crystalline powder. It is affected by light. The chemical name is 4,5α- epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan-6-one tartrate (1:1) hydrate (2:5). It has the following structural formula:

C₁₈H₂₁NO₃• C₄H₆0₆• 2 ½ H₂0 M.W. 494.50

Acetaminophen, 4'-hydroxyacetanilide, a slightly bitter, white, odorless, crystalline powder, is a non-opiate, non-salicylate analgesic and antipyretic. It has the following structural formula:

C₈H₉NO₂M.W. 151.17

Each Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablet contains:

Hydrocodone Bitartrate............................2.5 mg
Acetaminophen.....................................500 mg

In addition, each tablet contains the following inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, micro-crystalline cellulose, povidone, pregelatinized starch, stearic acid and sugar spheres which are composed of starch derived from corn, sucrose, and FD&C Red #3.

INDICATIONS

Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablets (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP, 2.5 mg/500 mg) are indicated for the relief of moderate to moderately severe pain.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Dosage should be adjusted according to the severity of the pain and the response of the patient. However, it should be kept in mind that tolerance to hydrocodone can develop with continued use and that the incidence of untoward effects is dose related.

The usual adult dosage is one or two tablets every four to six hours as needed for pain. The total daily dosage should not exceed 8 tablets.

HOW SUPPLIED

Lortab ® 2.5/500 tablets (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP, 2.5 mg/500mg) contain hydrocodone bitartrate 2.5 mg and acetaminophen 500 mg. They are supplied as white with pink specks, capsule-shaped, bisected tablets, debossed "ucb" on one side and "901" on the other side, in containers of 100 tablets NDC 50474-925-01, and 500 tablets NDC 50474-925-50.

STORAGE: Store at controlled room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container with a child-resistant closure.

A Schedule CIII Narcotic

Manufactured for: UCB Pharma, Inc., Smyrna, GA 30080. Manufactured by: Mikart Inc. Atlanta, GA 30318. FDA rev date: 8/3/2000.

SIDE EFFECTS

最常报道的不良管理计划tions are lightheadedness, dizziness, sedation, nausea and vomiting. These effects seem to be more prominent in ambulatory than in non-ambulatory patients, and some of these adverse reactions may be alleviated if the patient lies down.

Other Adverse reactions include:

Central Nervous System: Drowsiness, mental clouding, lethargy, impairment of mental and physical performance, anxiety, fear, dysphoria, psychic dependence, mood changes.

Gastrointestinal System: Prolonged administration of Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablets may produce constipation.

Genitourinary System:膀胱括约肌痉挛和输尿管痉挛urinary retention have been reported with opiates.

Respiratory Depression: Hydrocodone bitartrate may produce dose-related respiratory depression by acting directly on the brain stem respiratory centers (seeOVERDOSAGE).

Special Senses: Cases of hearing impairment or permanent loss have been reported predominantly in patients with chronic overdose.

Dermatological: Skin rash, pruritus.

The following adverse drug events may be borne in mind as potential effects of acetaminophen: allergic reactions, rash, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis.

Potential effects of high dosage are listed in theOVERDOSAGEsection.

DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE:

Controlled Substance: Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablets (Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP, 2.5 mg/500 mg) are classified as a Schedule III controlled substance.

Abuse and Dependence: Psychic dependence, physical dependence, and tolerance may develop upon repeated administration of narcotics; therefore, this product should be prescribed and administered with caution. However, psychic dependence is unlikely to develop when hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets are used for a short time for the treatment of pain.

Physical dependence, the condition in which continued administration of the drug is required to prevent the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome, assumes clinically significant proportions only after several weeks of continued narcotic use, although some mild degree of physical dependence may develop after a few days of narcotic therapy. Tolerance, in which increasingly large doses are required in order to produce the same degree of analgesia, is manifested initially by a shortened duration of analgesic effect, and subsequently by decreases in the intensity of analgesia. The rate of development of tolerance varies among patients.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Patients receiving narcotics, antihistamines, antipsychotics, antianxiety agents, or other CNS depressants (including alcohol) concomitantly with hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets may exhibit an additive CNS depression. When combined therapy is contemplated, the dose of one or both agents should be reduced.

The use of MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants with hydrocodone preparations may increase the effect of either the antidepressant or hydrocodone.

警告

Respiratory Depression: At high doses or in sensitive patients, hydrocodone may produce dose-related respiratory depression by acting directly on the brain stem respiratory center. Hydrocodone also affects the center that controls respiratory rhythm, and may produce irregular and periodic breathing.

Head Injury and Increased Intracranial Pressure: The respiratory depressant effects of narcotics and their capacity to elevate cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be markedly exaggerated in the presence of head injury, other intracranial lesions or a preexisting increase in intracranial pressure. Furthermore, narcotics produce adverse reactions which may obscure the clinical course of patients with head injuries.

Acute Abdominal Conditions: The administration of narcotics may obscure the diagnosis or clinical course of patients with acute abdominal conditions.

PRECAUTIONS

General:Special Risk Patients: As with anynarcoticanalgesic agent, Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablets should be used with caution in elderly or debilitated patients, and those with severe impairment of hepatic or renal function,hypothyroidism, Addison's disease, prostatichypertrophyor urethralstricture．The usual precautions should be observed and the possibility ofrespiratory depressionshould be kept in mind.

Cough Reflex: Hydrocodone suppresses the cough reflex; as with all narcotics, caution should be exercised when Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablets are used postoperatively and in patients with pulmonary disease.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions: Acetaminophen may produce false-positive test results for urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility: No adequate studies have been conducted in animals to determine whether hydrocodone or acetaminophen have a potential for carcinogenesis,mutagenesis, or impairment of fertility.

Pregnancy:

Teratogenic Effects:Pregnancy Category C:There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Lortab 2.5 (hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets) /500 tablets should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic Effects: Babies born to mothers who have been taking opioids regularly prior to delivery will be physically dependent. The withdrawal signs include irritability and excessive crying, tremors, hyperactive reflexes, increasedrespiratory rate, increased stools, sneezing,yawning, vomiting and fever. The intensity of the syndrome does not always correlate with the duration of maternal opioid use or dose. There is no consensus on the best method of managing withdrawal.

Labor and Delivery: As with all narcotics, administration of this product to the mother shortly before delivery may result in some degree of respiratory depression in the newborn, especially if higher doses are used.

Nursing Mothers: Acetaminophen is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, but the significance of its effects on nursing infants is not known. It is not known whether hydrocodone is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from hydrocodone and acetaminophen, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

Pediatric Use: Safety and effectiveness in the pediatric population have not been established.

OVERDOSE

Following an acute overdosage, toxicity may result from hydrocodone or acetaminophen.

Signs and Symptoms:

Hydrocodone: Serious overdose with hydrocodone is characterized by respiratory depression (a decrease in respiratory rate and/or tidal volume, Cheyne-Stokesrespiration,cyanosis) extremesomnolenceprogressing to stupor or coma,skeletal muscleflaccidity, cold and clammy skin, and sometimesbradycardiaandhypotension．In severe overdosage,apnea,circulatorycollapse, cardiac arrest and death may occur.

Acetaminophen: In acetaminophen overdosage: dose-dependent, potentially fatal hepaticnecrosisis the most seriousadverse effect．Renal tubular necrosis,hypoglycemiccoma andthrombocytopeniamay also occur.

Early symptoms following a potentiallyhepatotoxicoverdose may include nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis and generalmalaise．Clinical and laboratory evidence of hepatic toxicity may not be apparent until 48 to 72 hours post-ingestion.

In adults, hepatic toxicity has rarely been reported with acute overdoses of less than 10 grams, or fatalities with less than 15 grams.

Treatment: A single or multiple overdose with hydrocodone and acetaminophen is a potentiallylethalpolydrug overdose, and consultation with a regional poison control center is recommended.

Immediate treatment includes support of cardiorespiratory function and measures to reduce drug absorption. Vomiting should be induced mechanically, or with syrup ofipecac, if the patient is alert (adequatepharyngealandlaryngealreflexes). Oralactivated charcoal(1 g/kg) should followgastricemptying. The first dose should be accompanied by an appropriatecathartic．If repeated doses are used, the cathartic might be included with alternate doses as required. Hypotension is usuallyhypovolemic而且应该应对的液体。升压和另外一些er supportive measures should be employed as indicated. A cuffed endo-tracheal tube should be inserted before gastric lavage of theunconsciouspatient and, when necessary, to provide assisted respiration.

Meticulous attention should be given to maintaining adequate pulmonaryventilation．In severe cases of intoxication,peritoneal dialysis, or preferablyhemodialysismay be considered. If hypoprothrombinemia occurs due to acetaminophen overdose,vitamin Kshould be administered intravenously.

Naloxone, a narcoticantagonist, can reverse respiratory depression and coma associated with opioid overdose. Naloxone hydrochloride 0.4 mg to 2 mg is given parenterally. Since the duration of action of hydrocodone may exceed that of the naloxone, the patient should be kept under continuous surveillance and repeated doses of the antagonist should be administered as needed to maintain adequate respiration. A narcotic antagonist should not be administered in the absence of clinically significant respiratory orcardiovasculardepression.

If the dose of acetaminophen may have exceeded 140 mg/kg,acetylcysteineshould be administered as early as possible. Serum acetaminophen levels should be obtained, since levels four or more hours following ingestion help predict acetaminophen toxicity. Do not await acetaminophen assay results before initiating treatment. Hepatic enzymes should be obtained initially, and repeated at 24-hour intervals.

Methemoglobinemiaover 30% should be treated with methylene blue by slow intravenous administration.

The toxic dose for adults for acetaminophen is 10 g.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This product should not be administered to patients who have previously exhibited hypersensitivity to hydrocodone or acetaminophen.

Patients known to be hypersensitive to other opioids may exhibit cross sensitivity to hydrocodone.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic and antitussive with multiple actions qualitatively similar to those of codeine. Most of these involve thecentral nervous systemandsmooth muscle．精确的氢可酮的作用机制nd other opiates is not known, although it is believed to relate to the existence ofopiatereceptors in the central nervous system. In addition toanalgesia, narcotics may produce drowsiness, changes in mood and mental clouding.

The analgesic action of acetaminophen involves peripheral influences, but the specific mechanism is as yet undetermined.Antipyreticactivity is mediated through hypothalamic heat regulating centers. Acetaminophen inhibitsprostaglandinsynthetase. Therapeutic doses of acetaminophen have negligible effects on the cardiovascular or respiratory systems; however, toxic doses may cause circulatory failure and rapid, shallow breathing.

Pharmacokinetics: The behavior of the individual components is described below.

Hydrocodone: Following a 10 mg oral dose of hydrocodone administered to five adult male subjects, the mean peak concentration was 23.6 ± 5.2 ng/mL. Maximum serum levels were achieved at 1.3 ± 0.3 hours and the half-life was determined to be 3.8 ± 0.3 hours. Hydrocodone exhibits a complex pattern ofmetabolismincluding O- demethylation, N-demethylation and 6-keto reduction to the corresponding 6-α- and 6-β- hydroxymetabolites.

SeeOVERDOSAGEfor toxicity information.

Acetaminophen: Acetaminophen is rapidly absorbed from thegastrointestinaltract and is distributed throughout most body tissues. The plasma half-life is 1.25 to 3 hours, but may be increased by liver damage and following overdosage. Elimination of acetaminophen is principally by liver metabolism (conjugation) and subsequent renal excretion of metabolites. Approximately 85% of an oral dose appears in the urine within 24 hours of administration, most as the glucuronide conjugate, with small amounts of other conjugates and unchanged drug.

SeeOVERDOSAGEfor toxicity information.

PATIENT INFORMATION

Hydrocodone, like all narcotics, may impair mental and/or physical abilities required for the performance of potentially hazardous tasks such as driving a car or operating machinery; patients should be cautioned accordingly.

Alcohol and other CNS depressants may produce an additive CNS depression, when taken with this combination product, and should be avoided.

Hydrocodone may be habit-forming. Patients should take the drug only for as long as it is prescribed, in the amounts prescribed, and no more frequently than prescribed.

Laboratory Tests: In patients with severe hepatic or renal disease, effects of therapy should be monitored with serial liver and/or renal function tests.