How Do Aminopenicillins Work?

Aminopenicillins是一组的ntibioticsinthepenicillinfamilythat have an additional amino group that enhances itsantibacterialactivity. They are used for a widerangeof infections such asurinary,respiratory,skin, andgastrointestinalinfections. These are chemically similar to penicillins but have a broader spectrum of activity.

Aminopenicillins were developed in the 1960s and have greater activity againstgram-negativebacteria(such asEscherichia coliandHaemophilus influenzae) compared withgram-positivebacteria. Gram-positive andgram-negativebacteria are structurally different and classified depending on whether they get stained or not by a violet dye used inlaboratorytests known as theGram staintest.

Aminopenicillins work by inhibitingbacterialcellwallsynthesis. The cell wall is the layer over the bacterial cellmembrane, which protects them when they grow and helps maintain their shape. When the bacteria divide, it must temporarily create "holes" in its cell wall to allow for growth and separation of the cells. When abacteriumdivides in the presence of aminopenicillin, it cannot fill in the "holes" left in its cell wall.

• Infectiveendocarditis(infectionandinflammationofheartlining, valve, orbloodvessel)
• Meningitis(inflammation of the membranes that cover thebrainandspinal cord)
• Septicemia(a serious and life-threatening infection of the blood)
• Urinary tract infection
• Upper and lower respiratory infections (pneumonia,sinusitis,pharyngitis)
• Acute otitis media(a painfulearinfection)
• Skin and skin structure infections
• 胃肠道感染
• Cellulitis(a painful bacterial infection of the skin)
• Boneandjointinfections
• Postpartumendomyometritis (infection of the lining of theuterusafter childbirth)
• Chronic bronchitis(inflammation of the bronchialtubesoflungs)

Common side effects include:

• Diarrhea
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Skinrash
• Insomnia(difficulty in sleeping)
• Heartburn
• Painand redness at the site of injection

Other rare side effects include:

• Neutropenia(low levels of neutrophils which are white blood cells in the blood)
• Encephalopathy(adiseasethat affects the function or structure of the brain)
• Seizures (sudden uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain)
• Shortness of breath
• Oralthrush

The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible side effects, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. Check with your doctor or pharmacist to make sure these drugs do not cause any harm when you take them along with other medicines. Never stop taking your medication and never change your dose or frequency without consulting your doctor.

Drug names include:

• Amoxicillin
• Amoxicillin/clavulanate
• 阿莫西林
• Ampi
• Ampicillin
• Ampicillin/sulbactam
• Augmentin
• Augmentin ES-600
• 安灭菌XR
• Moxatag(DSC)
• Omnipen
• Penglobe
• Principen
• Trimox
• Unasyn