Desoxyn

DESCRIPTION

DESOXYN^®(methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, USP), chemically known as (S)-N,α-dimethylbenzeneethanamine hydrochloride, is a member of theamphetaminegroup of sympathomimetic amines. It has the following structural formula:

DESOXYNtablets contain 5 mg of methamphetamine hydrochloride for oral administration.

Inactive Ingredients

Corn starch, lactose, sodium paraminobenzoate, stearic acid and talc.

INDICATIONS

Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity

DESOXYN平板电脑indicated as an integral part of a total treatment program which typically includes other remedial measures (psychological, educational, social) for a stabilizing effect in children over 6 years of age with a behavioral syndrome characterized by the following group of developmentally inappropriate symptoms: moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability, and impulsivity. The diagnosis of this syndrome should not be made with finality when these symptoms are only of comparatively recent origin. Nonlocalizing (soft) neurological signs, learning disability, and abnormal EEG may or may not be present, and a diagnosis of central nervous system dysfunction may or may not be warranted.

Exogenous Obesity

as a short-term (i.e., a few weeks) adjunct in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction, for patients in whom obesity is refractory to alternative therapy, e.g., repeated diets, group programs, and other drugs.

The limited usefulness of DESOXYN tablets (seeCLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY) should be weighed against possible risks inherent in use of the drug, such as those described below.

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

DESOXYN平板电脑given orally.

甲基苯丙胺应劳st effective dosage, and dosage should be individually adjusted. Late evening medication should be avoided because of the resulting insomnia.

Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity

For treatment of children 6 years or older with a behavioral syndrome characterized by moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotional lability and impulsivity:an initial dose of 5 mg DESOXYN once or twice a day is recommended. Daily dosage may be raised in increments of 5 mg at weekly intervals until an optimum clinical response is achieved. The usualeffective doseis 20 to 25 mg daily. The total daily dose may be given in two divided doses daily.

Where possible, drug administration should be interrupted occasionally to determine if there is a recurrence of behavioral symptoms sufficient to require continued therapy.

For Obesity

One 5 mg tablet should be taken one-half hour before each meal. Treatment should not exceed a few weeks in duration. Methamphetamine is not recommended for use as an anorectic agent in children under 12 years of age.

HOW SUPPLIED

DESOXYN(methamphetamine hydrochloride tablets, USP)is supplied as white tablets imprinted with the letters OV on one side and the number 12 on the opposite side, containing 5 mg methamphetamine hydrochloride in bottles of 100 (NDC55292-102-01).

Recommended Storage: Store below 86°F (30°C).

Dispense in a USP tight, light resistant container.

Manufactured by: AbbVie LTD Barceloneta, PR 00617. Revised: Feb 2015

SIDE EFFECTS

The following are adverse reactions in decreasing order of severity within each category that have been reported:

Cardiovascular

Elevation of blood pressure,tachycardiaand palpitation. Fatal cardiorespiratory arrest has been reported, mostly in the context of abuse/misuse.

Central Nervous System

Psychotic episodes have been rarely reported at recommended doses. Dizziness,dysphoria, overstimulation,euphoria, insomnia,tremor、不安和头痛。恶化的电动机and phonic tics and Tourette’s syndrome.

Gastrointestinal

Diarrhea, constipation, dryness of mouth, unpleasant taste and other胃肠disturbances.

Hypersensitivity

Urticaria.

Endocrine

Impotenceand changes inlibido; frequent or prolonged erections.

Musculoskeletal

Rhabdomyolysis.

Miscellaneous

Suppression of growth has been reported with the long-term use of stimulants in children (see警告）.

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Recordati Rare Diseases Inc. at 1-888-575-8344 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

DRUG INTERACTIONS

Insulinrequirements indiabetes mellitusmay be altered in association with the use of methamphetamine and the concomitant dietary regimen.

Methamphetamine may decrease thehypotensive效果啊fguanethidine.

DESOXYNshould not be used concurrently withmonoamine oxidase inhibitors(seeCONTRAINDICATIONS）.

Concurrent administration oftricyclicantidepressantsand indirect-acting sympathomimetic amines such as the amphetamines, should be closely supervised and dosage carefully adjusted.

Phenothiazinesare reported in the literature to antagonize the CNS stimulant action of the amphetamines.

Drug Abuse And Dependence

Controlled Substance:DESOXYN平板电脑subject to control underDEAschedule II.

Abuse

Methamphetamine has been extensively abused. Tolerance, extreme psychological dependence, and severe social disability have occurred. There are reports of patients who have increased the dosage to many times that recommended. Abrupt cessation following prolonged high dosage administration results in extreme fatigue and mental depression; changes are also noted on the sleep EEG. Manifestations of chronic intoxication with methamphetamine include severe dermatoses, marked insomnia, irritability,hyperactivity, and personality changes. The most severe manifestation of chronic intoxication ispsychosisoften clinically indistinguishable fromschizophrenia. Abuse and/or misuse of methamphetamine have resulted in death. Fatal cardiorespiratory arrest has been reported in the context of abuse and/or misuse of methamphetamine.

警告

Tolerance to the anorectic effect usually develops within a few weeks. When this occurs, the recommended dose should not be exceeded in an attempt to increase the effect; rather, the drug should be discontinued (seeDrug Abuse And Dependence）.

Serious Cardiovascular Events

Sudden Death and Pre-existing Structural Cardiac Abnormalities or Other Serious Heart Problems:

Children And Adolescents

Sudden death has been reported in association with CNS stimulant treatment at usual doses in children and adolescents with structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems. Although some serious heart problems alone carry an increased risk of sudden death, stimulant products generally should not be used in children or adolescents with known serious structural cardiac abnormalities,cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or other serious cardiac problems that may place them at increased vulnerability to the sympathomimetic effects of a stimulant drug.

Adults

Sudden deaths,stroke, andmyocardial infarctionhave been reported in adults taking stimulant drugs at usual doses forADHD. Although the role of stimulants in these adult cases is also unknown, adults have a greater likelihood than children of having serious structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities,coronary artery disease, or other serious cardiac problems. Adults with such abnormalities should also generally not be treated with stimulant drugs.

Hypertension And Other Cardiovascular Conditions

Stimulant medications cause a modest increase in average blood pressure (about 2-4 mmHg) and average heart rate (about 3-6 bpm), and individuals may have larger increases. While the mean changes alone would not be expected to have short-term consequences, all patients should be monitored for larger changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Caution is indicated in treating patients whose underlying medical conditions might be compromised by increases in blood pressure or heart rate, e.g., those with pre-existinghypertension,heart failure, recent myocardialinfarction, orventriculararrhythmia.

Assessing Cardiovascular Status In Patients Being Treated With Stimulant Medications

儿童、青少年、成年人被骗sidered for treatment with stimulant medications should have a careful history (including assessment for a family history of sudden death or ventricular arrhythmia) and physical exam to assess for the presence of cardiac disease, and should receive further cardiac evaluation if findings suggest such disease (e.g.,electrocardiogramand echocardiogram). Patients who develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplainedsyncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease during stimulant treatment should undergo a prompt cardiac evaluation.

Psychiatric Adverse Events

Pre-Existing Psychosis

Administration of stimulants may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder in patients with a pre-existing psychotic disorder.

Bipolar Illness

Particular care should be taken in using stimulants to treat ADHD in patients with comorbidbipolar disorderbecause of concern for possible induction of a mixed/manicepisode in such patients. Prior to initiating treatment with a stimulant, patients with comorbid depressive symptoms should be adequately screened to determine if they are at risk for bipolar disorder; such screening should include a detailed psychiatric history, including a family history of suicide, bipolar disorder, and depression.

Emergence Of New Psychotic Or Manic Symptoms

Treatment emergent psychotic or manic symptoms, e.g., hallucinations, delusional thinking, ormaniain children and adolescents without a prior history of psychotic illness or mania can be caused by stimulants at usual doses. If such symptoms occur, consideration should be given to a possible causal role of the stimulant, and discontinuation of treatment may be appropriate. In a pooled analysis of multiple short-term, placebo-controlled studies, such symptoms occurred in about 0.1% (4 patients with events out of 3482 exposed to methylphenidate or amphetamine for several weeks at usual doses) of stimulant-treated patients compared to 0 in placebo-treated patients.

Aggression

Aggressive behavior or hostility is often observed in children and adolescents with ADHD, and has been reported in clinical trials and the postmarketing experience of some medications indicated for the treatment of ADHD. Although there is no systematic evidence that stimulants cause aggressive behavior or hostility, patients beginning treatment for ADHD should be monitored for the appearance of or worsening of aggressive behavior or hostility.

Long-Term Suppression Of Growth

Careful follow-up of weight and height in children ages 7 to 10 years who were randomized to either methylphenidate or non-medication treatment groups over 14 months, as well as in naturalistic subgroups of newly methylphenidate-treated and non-medication treated children over 36 months (to the ages of 10 to 13 years), suggests that consistently medicated children (i.e., treatment for 7 days per week throughout the year) have a temporary slowing in growth rate (on average, a total of about 2 cm less growth in height and 2.7 kg less growth in weight over 3 years), without evidence of growth rebound during this period of development. Published data are inadequate to determine whether chronic use of amphetamines may cause a similar suppression of growth, however, it is anticipated that they likely have this effect as well. Therefore, growth should be monitored during treatment with stimulants, and patients who are not growing or gaining height or weight as expected may need to have their treatment interrupted.

Seizures

There is some clinical evidence that stimulants may lower the convulsive threshold in patients with prior history of seizures, in patients with prior EEG abnormalities in absence of seizures, and, very rarely, in patients without a history of seizures and no prior EEG evidence of seizures. In the presence of seizures, the drug should be discontinued.

Peripheral Vasculopathy, Including Raynaud’s Phenomenon

Stimulants, including DESOXYN, used to treat ADHD are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very raresequelaeinclude digitalulcerationand/or soft tissue breakdown. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. Signs and symptoms generally improve after reduction in dose or discontinuation of drug. Careful observation for digital changes is necessary during treatment with ADHD stimulants. Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatologyreferral) may be appropriate for certain patients.

Visual Disturbance

Difficulties withaccommodationand blurring of vision have been reported with stimulant treatment.

PRECAUTIONS

General

DESOXYNtablets should be used with caution in patients with even mild hypertension.

Methamphetamine should not be used to combat fatigue or to replace rest in normal persons.

Prescribing and dispensing of methamphetamine should be limited to the smallest amount that is feasible at one time in order to minimize the possibility of overdosage.

Information For Patients

The patient should be informed that methamphetamine may impair the ability to engage in potentially hazardous activities, such as, operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle.

Circulation problems in fingers and toes [Peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s phenomenon]

• Instruct patients beginning treatment with DESOXYN about the risk of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud’s Phenomenon, and associated signs and symptoms: fingers or toes may feel numb, cool, painful, and/or may change color from pale, to blue, to red.
• Instruct patients to report to their physician any new numbness, pain, skin color change, or sensitivity to temperature in fingers or toes.
• Instruct patients to call their physician immediately with any signs of unexplained wounds appearing on fingers or toes while taking DESOXYN.
• Further clinical evaluation (e.g., rheumatology referral) may be appropriate for certain patients.

The patient should be cautioned not to increase dosage, except on advice of the physician.

Prescribers or other health professionals should inform patients, their families, and their caregivers about the benefits and risks associated with treatment with methamphetamine and should counsel them in its appropriate use. A patient Medication Guide is available for DESOXYN. The prescriber or health professional should instruct patients, their families, and their caregivers to read the Medication Guide and should assist them in understanding its contents. Patients should be given the opportunity to discuss the contents of the Medication Guide and to obtain answers to any questions they may have. The complete text of the Medication Guide is available at www.recordatirarediseases.com.

Drug/Laboratory Test Interactions

Literature reports suggest that amphetamines may be associated with significant elevation of plasma corticosteroids. This should be considered if determination of plasmacorticosteroidlevels is desired in a person receiving amphetamines.

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment Of Fertility

Data are not available on long-term potential for carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, or impairment of fertility.

Pregnancy

Teratogenic Effects

Pregnancy Category C.

Methamphetamine has been shown to haveteratogenicand embryocidal effects in mammals given high multiples of the human dose. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. DESOXYN tablets should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Nonteratogenic Effects

Infants born to mothers dependent on amphetamines have an increased risk of premature delivery and low birth weight. Also, these infants may experience symptoms of withdrawal as demonstrated by dysphoria, including agitation and significantlassitude.

Usage In Nursing Mothers

Amphetamines are excreted in human milk. Mothers taking amphetamines should be advised to refrain from nursing.

Pediatric Use

Safety and effectiveness for use as an anorectic agent in children below the age of 12 years have not been established.

Long-term effects of methamphetamine in children have not been established (see警告）.

Drug treatment is not indicated in all cases of the behavioral syndrome characterized by moderate to severe distractibility, short attention span, hyperactivity, emotionallabilityandimpulsivity. It should be considered only in light of the complete history and evaluation of the child. The decision to prescribe DESOXYN tablets should depend on the physician’s assessment of thechronicityand severity of the child’s symptoms and their appropriateness for his/her age. Prescription should not depend solely on the presence of one or more of the behavioral characteristics.

When these symptoms are associated with acutestressreactions, treatment with DESOXYN tablets is usually not indicated.

Clinical experience suggests that in psychotic children, administration of DESOXYN tablets may exacerbate symptoms of behavior disturbance and thought disorder.

Amphetamines have been reported to exacerbate motor and phonic tics and Tourette’ s syndrome. Therefore, clinical evaluation for tics and Tourette’s syndrome in children and their families should precede use of stimulant medications.

Geriatric Use

Clinical Studies of DESOXYN did not include sufficient numbers of subjects age 65 years and over to determine whether elderly subjects respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy observed in this population.

OVERDOSE

Manifestations of acute overdosage with methamphetamine include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapidrespiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states, hyperpyrexia, and rhabdomyolysis. Fatigue and depression usually follow the central stimulation.Cardiovasculareffects include arrhythmias, hypertension orhypotension, andcirculatorycollapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Fatalpoisoningusually terminates in convulsions and coma.

Consult with a Certified Poison Control Center regarding treatment for up to date guidance and advice. Management of acute methamphetamine intoxication is largely symptomatic and includesgastricevacuation, administration ofactivated charcoal, and sedation. Experience withhemodialysisorperitoneal dialysisis inadequate to permit recommendations in this regard.

Acidification of urine increases methamphetamine excretion, but is believed to increase risk ofacute renal failureif myoglobinuria is present. Intravenous phentolamine (Regitine) has been suggested for possible acute, severe hypertension, if this complicates methamphetamine overdosage. Usually a gradual drop in blood pressure will result when sufficient sedation has been achieved. Chlorpromazine has been reported to be useful in decreasing CNS stimulation and sympathomimetic effects.

CONTRAINDICATIONS

DESOXYN平板电脑contraindicated during or within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors;hypertensivecrisis may result. It is also contraindicated in patients withglaucoma, advancedarteriosclerosis, symptomaticcardiovascular disease, moderate to severe hypertension, hyperthyroidism or known hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to sympathomimetic amines. Methamphetamine should not be given to patients who are in an agitated state or who have a history of drug abuse.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Methamphetamine is a sympathomimetic amine with CNS stimulant activity. Peripheral actions include elevation ofsystolicanddiastolicblood pressures and weak bronchodilator and respiratory stimulant action. Drugs of this class used inobesityare commonly known as “anorectics” or “anorexigenics”. It has not been established, however, that the action of such drugs in treating obesity is primarily one of appetite suppression. Othercentral nervous systemactions, or metabolic effects, may be involved, for example.

Adultobesesubjects instructed in dietary management and treated with “anorectic” drugs, lose more weight on the average than those treated with placebo and diet, as determined in relatively short-term clinical trials.

The magnitude of increased weight loss of drug-treated patients over placebo-treated patients is only a fraction of a pound a week. The rate of weight loss is greatest in the first weeks of therapy for both drug and placebo subjects and tends to decrease in succeeding weeks. The origins of the increased weight loss due to the various possible drug effects are not established. The amount of weight loss associated with the use of an “anorectic” drug varies from trial to trial, and the increased weight loss appears to be related in part to variables other than the drug prescribed, such as the physician-investigator, the population treated, and the diet prescribed. Studies do not permit conclusions as to the relative importance of the drug and non-drug factors on weight loss.

The natural history of obesity is measured in years, whereas the studies cited are restricted to a few weeks duration; thus, the total impact of drug-induced weight loss over that of diet alone must be considered clinically limited.

The mechanism of action involved in producing the beneficial behavioral changes seen in hyperkinetic children receiving methamphetamine is unknown.

In humans, methamphetamine is rapidly absorbed from the胃肠tract. The primary site ofmetabolism是由芳香族羟基化在肝脏,N-dealk吗ylation and deamination. At least seven metabolites have been identified in the urine. The biological half-life has been reported in the range of 4 to 5 hours. Excretion occurs primarily in the urine and is dependent onurine pH. Alkaline urine will significantly increase the drug half-life. Approximately 62% of an oral dose is eliminated in the urine within the first 24 hours with about one-third as intact drug and the remainder as metabolites.

PATIENT INFORMATION

Desoxyn^®
(Pronounced De-soks-in)
(methamphetamine hydrochloride) Tablets, USP

Read the Medication Guide that comes with DESOXYN^®before you or your child starts taking it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of

talking to your or your child’s doctor about your or your child’s treatment with DESOXYN.

What is DESOXYN?

DESOXYNis a central nervous system stimulant prescription medicine.It is used for the treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; (ADHD).DESOXYNmay help increase attention and decrease impulsiveness and hyperactivity in patients with ADHD.

DESOXYNshould be used as a part of a total treatment program for ADHD that may include counseling or other therapies.

DESOXYNis also used short-term, along with a lowcaloriediet, for weight loss in obese patients who have not been able to lose weight on other therapies.

Who should not take DESOXYN?

DESOXYNshould not be taken if you or your child:

• haveheart diseaseor hardening of the arteries
• have moderate to severe high blood pressure
• have hyperthyroidism
• have an eye problem called glaucoma
• are agitated
• have a history of drug abuse
• are taking or have taken within the past 14 days an antidepression medicine called a monoamine oxidase inhibitor orMAOI.
• are sensitive to, allergic to, or had a reaction to other stimulant medicines

DESOXYNis not recommended for use in children less than 6 years old in the treatment of ADHD.

DESOXYNmay not be right for you or your child. Before starting DESOXYN tell your or your child’s doctor about all health conditions (or a family history of) including:

• heart problems, heart defects, high blood pressure
• mental problems including psychosis, mania, bipolar illness or depression
• tics or Tourette’s syndrome
• thyroidproblems
• diabetes
• seizures or have had an abnormal brain wave test (EEG)
• circulationproblems in fingers and toes

Tell your or your child’s doctor if you or your child is pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding.

Can DESOXYN be taken with other medicines?

Tell your or your child’s doctor about all of the medicines that you or your child take including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
DESOXYNand some medicines may interact with each other and cause serious side effects. Sometimes the doses of other medicines will need to be adjusted while taking DESOXYN.
Your or your child’s doctor will decide whether DESOXYN can be taken with other medicines.

Especially tell your or your child’s doctor if you or your child takes:

• anti-depression medicines including MAOIs
• 安定药
• blood pressure medicines
• insulin
• seizuremedicines

Know the medicines that you or your child takes. Keep a list of your medicines with you to show your doctor and pharmacist.

Do not start any new medicine while taking DESOXYN without talking to your or your child’s doctor first.

How should DESOXYN be taken?

• Take DESOXYN exactly as prescribed. Your or your child’s doctor may adjust the dose until it is right for you or your child.
• DESOXYNis usually taken 1 or 2 times each day.
• From time to time, your or your child’s doctor may stop DESOXYN treatment for a while to check ADHD symptoms.
• Your or your child’s doctor may do regular checks of the blood, heart, and blood pressure while taking DESOXYN. Children should have their height and weight checked often while taking DESOXYN. DESOXYN treatment may be stopped if a problem is found during these check-ups.
• If you or your child takes too much DESOXYN or overdoses, call your or your child’s doctor or poison control center right away, or get emergency treatment.

What are possible side effects of DESOXYN?

See“What is the most important information I should know about DESOXYN?”for information on reported heart and mental problems.

Other serious side effects include:

• slowing of growth (height and weight) in children
• seizures, mainly in patients with a history of seizures
• eyesight changes or blurred vision

Common side effects include:

• fast heart beat
• decreased appetite
• tremors
• headache
• trouble sleeping
• dizziness
• stomach upset
• 减肥
• dry mouth

DESOXYNmay affect your or your child’s ability to drive or do other dangerous activities.

Talk to your or your child’s doctor if you or your child has side effects that are bothersome or do not go away.

This is not a complete list of possible side effects. Ask your or your child’s doctor or pharmacist for more information.

Call your or your child’s doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

How should I store DESOXYN?

• Store DESOXYN in a safe place below 86°F (30°C). Protect from light.
• Keep DESOXYN and all medicines out of the reach of children.

General information about DESOXYN

Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide. Do not use DESOXYN for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give DESOXYN to other people, even if they have the same condition. It may harm them and it is against the law.

This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about DESOXYN. If you would like more information, talk with your or your child’s doctor. You can ask your or your child’s doctor or pharmacist for information about DESOXYN that was written for healthcare professionals.

For more information about DESOXYN, contact Recordati Rare Diseases Inc. at 1-888-575-8344 or visit www.recordatirarediseases.com.

What are the ingredients in DESOXYN?

Active Ingredient:methamphetamine hydrochloride

Inactive Ingredients:corn starch, lactose, sodium paraminobenzoate, stearic acid and talc

This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.