Birth defect:Any defect presentina baby at birth, irrespective of whether the defect is caused by ageneticfactor or by prenatal events that are not genetic.
Birth defects may involve many different organs including thebrain, heart,lungs, liver, bones, and intestinal tract. These defects can occur for many reasons including inherited (genetic) conditions, toxic exposure of thefetus(for example, toalcohol), birthinjuryand, in many cases, for unknown reasons. All parents are at risk of having a baby with abirth defect, regardless of age,race, income or residence.
In the US (and many other developed nations), 2% to 3% ofbabiesare born with a medically significant birth defect. The infants with birth defects include many with heart defects, cleft lip orpalate, Down syndrome, spina bifida, andlimbdefects.
Birth defects are now the leading cause ofinfantmortality(death) in the United States (and many other developed nations). Birth defects are present in one of every five babies that die in the US.
How a particular birth defect affects a child varies and depends greatly on the severity of the defect and whether or not other medical problems are present. The parents of children with birth defects are encouraged to discuss the specifics of the effects of the defect on their child's currentconditionwith their child'sdoctor.
A birth defect is also called acongenital malformationor acongenital anomaly.
